Ngamafutshane, iteknoloji ye-CNC ayinzima kakhulu. sisixhobo esilawulwa yikhompyutha. iba yinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi xa kuqwalaselwa indlela ikhompyutha elawula ngayo isixhobo. lo mzekeliso ungezantsi ubonisa ukuba yintoni na amathambo angenanto umatshini we-CNC umzila onokujongeka njengothabatha umlawuli.
Inkcazo yerutha ye-CNC:
CNC = Ulawulo lweenombolo zeKhompyutha. ikhompyutha "isilawuli" ifunda i-g-code okanye imiyalelo yolwimi lomatshini kwaye iqhube isixhobo.
inkqubo ye-NC (ulawulo lwamanani) yiseti eneenkcukacha yemiyalelo yenyathelo nenyathelo exelela umatshini indlela emayilandelwe kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe.
Imbali ye-CNC router:
NC okanye ngokulula Numerical Control yaphuhliswa ekupheleni 1940 kunye 1950 ekuqaleni John t. Parsons ngokusebenzisana noMit (Massachusetts iziko lobuchwephesha). yaphuhliswa ukunceda kwinzame yokuvelisa emva kwemfazwe. iindawo zenqwelo-moya zazisiya zintsonkotha ngakumbi yaye zazifuna inqanaba lokuchaneka ababengenakufikelelwa ngabaqhubi abangabantu.
Iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zoomatshini zazingasenakwenziwa ngumntu onobuchule yedwa.
Kwi-1st koomatshini bafakwe ii-hardwired, emva koko imiyalelo yanikwa ngeteyiphu ephothiweyo ukuqala ngo-1952. Kwiminyaka emi-5 kamva, oomatshini be-NC bafakwa kwiindawo zemveliso yesinyithi kulo lonke elase-United States. phakathi koo-1960, iteknoloji ye-NC yayidlala indima ephambili kushishino.
Uninzi lweenkqubo zoomatshini zarekhodwa kwiphepha elichotshoziweyo okanye i-aluminium tape de kube malunga no-1980. kwiminyaka yee-1970 kunye no-80, ukukhula kobuchwepheshe be-microprocessor kwenza ukuba iikhomputha ziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kumatshini we-NC usebenzisa iintambo, ngoko ke igama elithi CNC.
Ngokusisiseko, ulawulo lwamanani bubuchule bokulawula oomatshini kunohlobo oluthile lomatshini. Oomatshini be-CNC baqale bakhelwa ukwenza isinyithi. emva koko zalungiselelwa eminye imizi-mveliso efana nemithi, ilaphu, ugwebu, neeplastiki ukukhankanya nje ezimbalwa. bonke aba matshini baneempawu ezifanayo ezizezi:
• inkqubo (imiyalelo)
• umlawuli
• isixhobo somatshini
Ii-routers zomthi zahlukile kwii-metalworking cousins zazo kuba azixhonywanga kumandla afanayo omthwalo kunye nokungcangcazela. Zijikeleza ngokukhawuleza, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24000 rpm kwaye zineetafile zokusebenza ezinkulu; ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5'x20'. Zisebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci kunye nezibambi zezixhobo kwaye zisebenza ngesantya esikhawulezayo somatshini wokugaya; ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 intshi ngomzuzu okanye i-30 m/min. omnye umahluko kukuba azifuni nqanaba lifanayo lokuchaneka. Ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi kudla ngokufuna ukuchaneka okukhulu kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunoomatshini bokugaya.
UMnu isao shoda ubanga ukuba wenze i-1st NC router emhlabeni kwaye wayibonisa kwi-osaka fair yamazwe ngamazwe ngo-1968. (Umzekelo: NC-111a)
Ngo-1968 - uShoda ubonise i-1st ever NC umzila weenkuni (NC-111A) kwi-International Osaka Fair
Ekuqaleni kwe-1970 ukufika kwe-1st CNC kwabonakala kwishishini le-aerospace (elawulwa yi-Mainframe Computer).
Ngasekupheleni kwe-70s oomatshini bokwemba i-NC yayiyeyokuqala ukuvela kwishishini leenkuni. zazibizwa ngokuba ngoomatshini bokukhomba-kwicala ngenxa yokuba babehambisa i-drill ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye baze babhoboze umngxuma. Igama elithi point-to-point layilwa kwindlela yendibano yesekethe yombane ukusukela kwangaphambi kowe-1 eyayifuna ukuba iiassemblers ze-elektroniki zisebenze kwiincwadi zeefoto, kwaye zilandele ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo lwendibano ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaphoswanga naziphi na izinto.
Eminye iminyhadala echaphazele itekhnoloji yeCNC yayi:
• Phakathi ku-1970: I-microprocessor yokuqala (intel 1)
• ekupheleni kwe-1970s: 1st 5 axis CNC kwiplanga
Ii-router ze-CNC zaziyeyokuqala zisetyenziswa lishishini le-aerospace ukusika iipateni ezinzima kumaphepha e-aluminium. ukubophelela iphepha le-aluminiyam kumphezulu wetafile kwakuyinkqubo ende. kwi-1s yokuqala, iinjineli zase-thermwood zeza nombono wokutsala umoya ngeebhloko ezinkulu zebhula ezenziwe ngomthi we-balsa. kuba iinkuni ze-balsa zivumela umoya ukuba udlule ngokukhululekileyo kwiinkozo zokuphela, zongeze i-vacuum ephezulu yokukhupha i-vacuum yokubamba amaphepha e-aluminiyam phantsi ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezibophelelo zoomatshini. baqaphela kamva ukuba i-particleboard ineempawu ezifanayo ze-porous kunye neetafile ze-vacuum yendalo yonke zazalwa.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, iteknoloji ye-CNC yayisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zoomatshini kwishishini lesibini lamaplanga. eminye imizekelo iyalandela:
Iinkqubo zokukhomba-kwinqaku ezifana noomatshini boring zisetyenziswe ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha le-NC. Kuba kwakungekho lunxibelelwano phakathi kwenxalenye kunye nesixhobo de kwavulwa i-pneumatic drill, yayingabalulekanga kangako ukuba yeyiphi na indlela ethathwe ngumjikelo ukufikelela kwindawo yayo yokugqibela, kungoko igama elithi point-to-point. aba matshini kamva baqhelaniswa nobuchwepheshe obutsha be-CNC kwaye nangona be-INCorporate iinketho ezininzi kunokwemba nje, igama lazingisa.
Iinkqubo zokusika ezithe ngqo ezifana neesarha zepaneli ze-NC zithintela ulawulo kwi-axis enye yentshukumo. iblade isarha ke ihamba ngokuzimeleyo kulawulo ngapha kobude bomqadi ukwenza ukusika okuthe tye.
Ukusika iContour njengaleyo ibonwa kumaziko omsebenzi e-CNC ivumela ukulawulwa kwentshukumo ngaxeshanye yee-axes ezi-3 okanye ngaphezulu ngelixa usenza imisebenzi yomatshini. ngamanye amazwi, ikhompyutha ilawula umsiki esithubeni ecaleni kwe x, y kunye no z axes ngelixa isenza ukusika.
Namhlanje oomatshini be-CNC router bayinxalenye yendawo yonke yenkqubo yokuvelisa. ukusebenza okutsha kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo kuphuhliswa yonke imihla nto leyo eya kunika i-CNC indima ehlala ikhula kwimpumelelo yoshishino lwethu.
